Vertical Unit
Kaplan turbines has adjustable blades of runner providing effective use of water flow energy at lowland rivers with great fluctuations of upstream and downstream side levels.
Axial-flow unit runner is used in hydropower station of head from 3m to 80m, the rotational speed of axial-flow type is faster than mixed-flow with the same head and discharge and the size is smaller. It has two types, Kaplan and propeller. Kaplan type usually has 4~6 blades and 8 blades for high head and average efficiency is high. Propeller type specific speed is 200~850m*kW, average efficiency is low and appropriate for power station with small change in head and load.
Part 1-Hydro turbine type and runner type
According to the power conversion methods of the runner, hydro turbine can be divided into reaction turbine(the hydraulic energy transfers to the runner with main enable power and kinetic power as supplement) and impulse turbine(the hydraulic energy transfers to the runner with full kinetic power).
|
Type |
Code |
Speed （m·KW） |
Head （m） |
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|
Reaction |
Tublar |
Fixed blade |
GD |
600~1000 |
<20 |
|
Movable blade |
GZ |
||||
|
Axial |
Nagler |
ZD |
200~850 |
3~80 |
|
|
Kaplan |
ZZ |
|
|||
|
Francis |
HL |
50~300 |
<700 |
||
|
Impulse |
Pelton |
CJ |
10~35(single Nozzle) |
100~1700 |
|
|
Turgo |
XJ |
30~70 |
20~300 |
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|
Double flow |
SJ |
35~150 |
5~100 |
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Part2, the speed or runner type
Part3, W represents horizontal(L for vertical),
Part4, J represents metal spiral case(H for concrete spiral case)
Part5, the nominal diameter of runner(cm)
For example:
ZD560-LH-120