The fault distance Measurement error is less than ±150m irrelevant of line length, and
free from influences of following factors, which affect fault location accuracy of
traditional impedance measurement methods
 Fault resistance
 Voltage and current transformer (TV,TA) errors
 Insufficient accuracy of line parameters due to neglecting of line transposing,

distributed capacitance, etc.
 Uncertainty of zero sequence impedance due to variance of soil resistivity alone

the line corridor
 Load flow
 Traveling wave technique can be used to measure distance to fault in all kinds of

power lines, including
 AC transmission lines
 HVDC transmission lines
 Seriously compensated transmission line
 Lines with T branches  

 to be continued